Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

A semiconductor device includes a plurality of wirings each wiring including a metal wiring layer, a first barrier metal layer disposed on the metal wiring layer, a second barrier metal layer disposed below the metal wiring layer, a first insulating layer disposed below the second barrier metal layer, and a second insulating layer covering the wirings so that a void is defined between the wirings. The void has a larger sectional area than the metal wiring layer and includes an upper portion located between the upper surface and the bottom surface of the first barrier metal layer. The void includes a bottom portion located between the upper surface and the bottom surface of the second barrier metal layer.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-88498, filed on Mar. 25, 2005, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device having a void formed between wiring layers and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Growing refinement of semiconductor devices has recently caused a problem of increase in a capacity between wiring layers. To overcome the problem, JP-A-10-229121 discloses a method in which a void is made between wiring layers so as to reach a region lower than the underside of the wiring.

According to the method disclosed by JP-A-10-229121, a trench is firstly formed in an interlayer insulating film constituting a lower layer, and subsequently, a wiring layer is deposited. The wiring layer is etched along the trench so that a wiring pattern is formed. Lastly, an interlayer insulating film is deposited between the wiring patterns so that a void is formed so as to extend from an upper end to an entire lower end of the wiring pattern, whereby a capacity between the wiring layers is reduced.

As obvious from the above-mentioned document, the capacity between the wiring layers can be reduced to some degree when a void is formed so as to extend from an upper end to an entire lower end of the wiring pattern. However, a further reduction in the capacity between the wiring layers has been desired with progress in the refinement of elements.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device which can reduce the capacity between wiring layers and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device.

The present invention provides a semiconductor device comprising a plurality of wirings disposed in parallel to each other, each wiring including a metal wiring layer including a first side surface, a first upper surface having a first width and a first bottom surface having a second width larger than the first width, a first barrier metal layer disposed on the metal wiring layer and including a second side surface, a second upper surface and a second bottom surface contacting with the first upper surface of the metal wiring layer, the second bottom surface including a third width larger than the first width of the first upper surface, a second barrier metal layer disposed below the metal wiring layer and including a third side surface, a third upper surface contacting with the first bottom surface of the metal wiring layer, and a third bottom surface, the third upper surface including a fourth width larger than the second width of the first bottom surface, a first insulating layer disposed below the second barrier metal layer and including a fourth upper surface contacting with the third bottom surface of the second barrier metal layer, and a second insulating layer covering the wirings so that a void is defined between the wirings, wherein the void has a larger sectional area than the metal wiring layer, the void includes an upper portion located between the second upper surface and the second bottom surface of the first barrier metal layer between the wirings, and the void includes a bottom portion located between the third upper surface and the third bottom surface of the second barrier metal layer between the wirings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clear upon reviewing the following description of the embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of wirings in a semiconductor device in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a manufacturing process (No. 1);

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a manufacturing process (No. 2);

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a manufacturing process (No. 3); and

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a manufacturing process (No. 4).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to FIG. 1, the structure of a plurality of adjacent wirings is shown schematically. A semiconductor device 1 has a wiring structure 2 as shown in FIG. 1. The wiring structure 2 includes a lower-layer-side insulating layer 3 and a plurality of wirings 4 disposed in parallel with each other so that the wirings 4 are adjacent to each other in a horizontal direction. The wiring structure 2 further includes an insulating layer 5 which is formed between the adjacent wirings 4 so as to insulate the wirings 4 electrically and a void 6 which is formed so as to be covered with the insulating layer 5 between the adjacent wirings 4.

The lower-layer-side insulating layer 3 is formed by a silicon oxide (SiO₂) film, for example. The insulating layer 3 has an upper side with a plane wiring forming region Ha. An insulation region Hb is formed between the wiring forming regions Ha both adjacent thereto. A trench 3 a is formed in the insulating layer 3 in the insulation region Hb.

The wiring 4 is made of an electrically conductive material and includes a lower-layer-side barrier metal layer 4 a (auxiliary wiring) formed on the insulating layer 3 in the wiring forming region Ha, a metal wiring layer 4 b (main wiring) formed on the barrier metal layer 4 a and an upper-layer-side barrier metal layer 4 c (auxiliary wiring) formed on the metal wiring layer 4 b.

The barrier metal layer 4 a is formed by a laminated structure (not shown) of titanium (Ti) and titanium nitride (TiN) and has an upper side 4 aa (corresponding to a third side) and an underside (corresponding to a fourth side), both of which sides are planar. The metal wiring layer 4 b is made from, for example, Al, Al—Cu or Al—Si—Cu and is formed into a trapezoidal shape having a longitudinal section that is upwardly convex.

The metal wiring layer 4 b has an upper side 4 ba (corresponding to a second side; and upper forming face) formed into a plane. The metal wiring layer 4 b further has a lower side 4 bb (corresponding to a first side; and lower forming face) formed into a plane. The upper and lower sides 4 ba and 4 bb of the metal wiring layer 4 b are opposed to each other. The upper side 4 ba has a narrower forming region than the lower side 4 bb.

Furthermore, the metal wiring layer 4 b has a lower side 4 bb formed into a plane. The lower side 4 bb has a narrower forming region than The upper side 4 aa. The barrier metal layer 4 a has an end 4 ab which is formed so as to protrude outside the forming side of the lower side 4 bb of the metal wiring layer 4 b. A width between the ends 4 ab of the barrier metal layers 4 a is set at a predetermined value (90 nm, for example).

The barrier metal 4 c is formed by a laminated structure (not shown) of titanium (Ti) and titanium nitride (TiN) so as to come into contact with the upper side 4 ba of the metal wiring layer 4 b and so as to cover the upper side 4 ba. The barrier metal layer 4 c has a lower side 4 ca (corresponding to a fifth side) and an upper side 4 cc (corresponding to a sixth side) both of which are formed so as to be opposed to each other. Each of the lower and upper sides 4 ca and 4 cc is formed into a plane.

The barrier metal layer 4 c is formed so that the lower side 4 ca comes into contact with the upper side 4 ba of the metal wiring layer 4 b. The barrier metal layer 4 c is further formed so as to protrude outward from ends of a forming side of the upper side 4 ba. The barrier metal layer 4 c is formed on the upper side 4 ba of the metal wiring layer 4 b so as to have a rectangular longitudinal section. The barrier metal layer 4 c further has an end 4 cb protruding outward from an end of the forming side of the upper side 4 ba of the metal wiring layer 4 b so as to have the shape of a hood. A width between the ends 4 cb of the barrier metal layers 4 c is set at a predetermined value (70 nm, for example).

The insulating layer 5 is made from tetra ethoxy silane (TEOS) and includes a thin film portion 5 a formed thin so as to be adherent along an outer face (an outer wall face, for example) of the metal wiring layer 4 b, a buried portion 5 b buried in the trench 3 a of the insulating region Hb and an upper forming portion 5 c formed on the upper side of the wiring 4.

The thin film portion 5 a is formed so as to have a substantially constant film thickness (uniform film thickness; and for example, 13 nm) relative to a sidewall of the metal wiring layer 4 b. The thin film portion 5 a is formed along a lengthwise side wall of the metal wiring layer 4 b. The thin film portion 5 a has an upper end 5 aa which is formed so as to be adherent closely to an upper side of the metal wiring layer 4 b under the end 4 c of the barrier metal 4 c. Thus, the thin film portion 5 a is desired to be formed so as to have a constant film thickness since the void 6 can be rendered larger.

The whole periphery of the void 6 is covered with the insulating layer 5 so that an interior thereof is vacuum. More specifically, an upper side of the void 6 is covered with the upper forming portion 5 c of the insulating layer 5. The middle side of the void 6 is covered with the thin film portion 5 a of the insulating layer 5. The lower side of the void 6 is covered with the buried portion 5 b of the insulating layer 5.

The void 6 has an upper end 6 a located upper than the forming side of the lower side 4 ca of the barrier metal layer 4 c. Furthermore, the upper end 6 a of the void 6 is located lower than the upper side of the wiring 4 (the upper side 4 cc of the barrier metal layer 4 c). At least a part of the void 6 is located upper than an interface between the metal wiring layer 4 b and the barrier metal layer 4 c. Furthermore, a lower end 6 b of the void 6 is located upper than the underside of wiring portion 4 (the underside of the barrier metal layer 4 a). Still furthermore, the lower end 6 b is located lower than the forming side of the upper side 4 aa of the barrier metal layer 4 a. Additionally, at least a part of the void 6 is formed lower than the interface between the metal wiring layer 4 b and the barrier metal layer 4 a. The void 6 is formed so as to be held between two adjacent wirings 4.

The aforesaid structure of the embodiment has the following characteristics. Each of a plurality of wirings 4 includes the metal wiring layer 4 b, the barrier metal layer 4 a protruding outward from the end of the underside 4 bb and formed so as to have a rectangular section under the metal wiring layer 4 b, and the barrier metal layer protruding outward from the upper side of the metal wiring layer 4 b so as to be formed into the shape of a hood. In this case, the void 6 is formed between the wirings 4 and includes a part of the outer peripheral side thereof formed higher than the interface between the barrier metal layer 4 c and the metal wiring layer 4 b and another part of the outer peripheral side thereof formed lower than the interface between the barrier metal layer 4 a and the metal wiring layer 4 b. As a result, the sectional area of the void 6 is increased as compared with the conventional structure.

Examinations have been made in order that the size of the void 6 formed between the adjacent wirings 4 may be reduced. However, the void 6 completely disappears or remains small due to affections of variations in the manufacturing process. With recent reduction in the design rules, the value of the capacity between the adjacent wirings 4 has been increased such that the variations in a delay time of circuit operation cannot be ignored.

Since the void 6 is formed larger in the embodiment than in the conventional structure, the value of the capacity between the adjacent wirings 4 is rendered smaller than in the conventional structure. Consequently, delay in the circuit operation can be prevented even when a circuit is configured using the wiring 4.

The size of the void 6 has conventionally been reduced in the formation of the insulating layer 5 between the wiring 4. Accordingly, the void 6 completely disappears or remains small but is formed in various sizes. As a result, the value of the capacity differs among paired wirings 4 depending upon presence or absence of the void 6. The variations in the capacity value are formerly so small that the variations can be ignored in the circuit design. However, the variations cannot recently be ignored with reduction in the design rules.

The capacity value between the adjacent wirings 4 depends more largely upon the capacity between the adjacent metal wiring layers 4 b rather than upon the adjacent barrier metal layers 4 a or adjacent barrier metal layers 4 c. The reason for this is that a larger amount of electric current flows into the metal wiring layer 4 b than into the barrier metal layers 4 a and 4 c. More specifically, the film thickness W10 of the thin film 5 a formed on the side of the metal wiring layer 4 b can particularly be rendered substantially constant when the void 6 includes a part of the outer peripheral side thereof formed upper than the interface between the barrier metal layer 4 c and the metal wiring layer 4 b and another part of the outer peripheral side thereof formed lower than the interface between the barrier metal layer 4 a and the metal wiring layer 4 b. Consequently, variations in the capacity value between the wirings can be reduced even when the number of wirings 4 to be formed is large.

Since the metal wiring layer 4 b has an underside 4 bb which is wider than an upper surface 4 ba thereof, the thin film 5 a tends to be formed on the sidewall of the metal wiring layer 4 b. Since the void 6 has a vacuum interior, the capacity between the adjacent wirings 4 can be rendered minimum.

The void 6 is formed so that a lower end 6 b thereof is located lower than the interface between the barrier metal layer 4 a and the metal wiring layer 4 b. As a result, the capacity between the adjacent barrier metal layers 4 a can particularly be reduced. Furthermore, since the void 6 is formed so that an upper end 6 a thereof is located higher than the interface between the barrier metal layer 4 c and the metal wiring layer 4 b, the capacity between the adjacent barrier metal layers 4 c can be reduced.

The manufacturing process of the foregoing configuration will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. As shown in FIG. 2, the lower barrier metal layer 12 is formed on the lower insulating layer 11, for example, by a sputtering process. The barrier metal layer 12 is formed so as to have, for example, a TiN/Ti laminated structure and has a film thickness of 20 nm, for example. The barrier metal layer 12 is formed into the barrier metal layer 4 a.

Next, a metal layer 13 is formed on the barrier metal layer 12. The metal layer 13 is made from Al, for example and has a film thickness of 130 nm. The metal layer 13 is formed into the metal wiring layer 4 b.

A upper barrier metal layer 14 is formed on the metal layer 13. The barrier metal layer 14 is formed so as to have, for example, a Ti/Ti laminated structure and has a film thickness of 40 nm, for example. The barrier metal layer 14 is formed into the barrier metal layer 4 c.

A protective insulating layer 15 is then formed on the barrier metal layer 14. The insulating layer 15 is formed by the TEOS process and has a film thickness of 100 nm. The insulating layer 15 protects the barrier metal layer 14. The insulating layer 15 may be formed as needed when the barrier metal layer 14 is formed so as to be thicker than in the conventional structure (140 nm thick, for example).

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, a resist 16 is applied and patterned so that a mask pattern is formed. In this case, an opening width is set at 70 nm, for example. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4, the dry etching process (a reactive ion etching (RIE) process, for example)) is carried out to remove the insulating layer 15, the barrier metal layer 14, the metal layer 13, the barrier metal layer 12 and part of upper side of the lower-layer-side insulating layer 11 while the patterned resist 15 serves as a mask. As a result, the insulating layer 15, the barrier metal layer 14, the metal layer 13 and the barrier metal layer 12 are divided.

Subsequently, the resist 16 is delaminated by an ashing process, and a wet etching process is carried out so that a reactive product is removed. As the result of the wet etching process, transverse (horizontal) removal is applied to the metal layer 13 (see a removal region B in FIG. 4). Since an aspect ratio is high, a removal width is reduced as the process advances deeper (lower).

An upper end 15 a remains in an upwardly curved shape in the insulating layer 15. The insulating layer 15 is formed into an insulating layer 5. Furthermore, the barrier metal layer 14 is formed into the barrier metal layer 4 c. The barrier metal layer 4 c has an end 4 cb formed so as to protrude outward from the forming side of the upper surface 4 ba of the metal wiring layer 4 b. The sidewall surface of the metal layer 13 is cut as far as inside the straight line (see dotted line in FIG. 4) extending between the end 4 cb of the barrier metal layer 4 c and the end 4 ab of the barrier metal layer 4 a.

The barrier metal layer 12 corresponds to the barrier metal layer 4 a. The barrier metal layer 4 a has an end 4 ab formed so as to protrude outward from a forming side of the underside 4 bb of the metal wiring layer 4 b. The reason for the aforementioned forming of the barrier metal layer 4 a is that an etching speed against the sidewall of the metal layer 13 is higher than an etching speed against the barrier metal layers 4 a and 4 c. As the result of etching, the trench 3 a is formed in the insulating layer 11. The insulating layer 11 corresponds to the insulating layer 3.

Referring to FIG. 4, a width W1 between the ends 4 cb of the adjacent barrier metal layers 4 c is set at 70 nm and a width W2 between the ends 4 ab of the adjacent barrier metal layers 4 a and 4 c is set at 50 nm, for example. The barrier metal layer 4 c has a width W3 which is set at 70 nm, whereas the barrier metal layer 4 a has a width W4 which is set at 90 nm, for example. A distance W5 from the sidewall surface A of the metal wiring layer 4 b to the straight line extending between the ends 4 cb and 4 ab is set at 10 nm, for example. Then, the metal wiring layer 4 b has an upper end having a width W6 which is set at 50 nm and the metal wiring layer 4 b has a lower end having a width W7 which is set at 70 nm, for example.

The barrier metal layer 4 c has a film thickness D2 set at 40 nm and the barrier metal 4 a has a film thickness D4 set at 20 nm, for example. Furthermore, the metal wiring layer 4 b is formed so as to have a film thickness D3 set at 130 nm and the insulating layer 15 is formed so as to have a film thickness set at 100 nm, for example. After the etching process, the insulating layer 5 remains on the barrier metal layer 4 c. In this case, the film thickness D1 remaining after the etching is 80 nm, for example.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5, the insulating layer 5 is formed by a high-density plasma chemical vapor deposition (HDP-CVD) process. More specifically, the insulating layer 5 is deposited while the insulating layer 15 remains in an angle shape on the barrier metal layer 4 c. Accordingly, the aspect ratio is rendered higher as compared with the conventional structure, whereupon the depositing efficiency is lowered. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the insulating layer 5 is formed as the thin film 5 a with a film thickness uniform substantially on the whole side of the metal wiring layer 4 b, and the void 6 is large laterally (or in the horizontal direction).

When the insulating layer 5 is formed by the HDP-CVD process, the insulating layer 5 is buried in a space between the adjacent barrier metal layers 4 a and the adjacent barrier metal layers 4 c (a burying step) A frontage of the buried region in which the insulating layer 5 has been buried by the burying step is spread by a sputtering step. It is desirable that the burying and sputtering steps are repeated alternately for forming the insulating layer 5. In this case, it is desirable that a film processing speed ratio of the burying step to the sputtering step is 10:1. When the ratio is 3:1, the formed void 6 is so small that the structure of the embodiment cannot be obtained. When the ratio is 10:1, a large void 6 can readily be formed between the adjacent wirings 4.

Furthermore, when the insulating layer 5 is formed by the HDP-CVD process, a gas flow rate may be set at SiH₄/O₂=30/120 [sccm] (sccm is an abbreviation of standard cc/min). IL is more desirable to increase the gas flow rate to SiH₄/O₂=90/360 [sccm]. In this case, a large void 6 can readily be formed between the wirings 4.

FIG. 5 shows the dimensions measured after the forming process. The thin film 5 a is formed along the side of the metal wiring layer 4 b in FIG. 5. A maximum distance W8 (see FIG. 5) between the thin films 5 a opposed to each other at the upper end 6 a side of the void 6 is set at 80 nm, for example. A maximum distance W9 between the thin films 5 a opposed to each other at the lower end 6 b side of the void 6 is set at 60 nm, for example. The film thickness W10 of the thin films 5 a formed on the side of the metal wiring layer 4 b is set at 13 nm, for example. A minimum distance D5 refers to a distance from the interface between the underside 4 ca of barrier metal layer 4 c and the upper surface 4 ba of the metal wiring layer 4 b to the upper end 6 a of the void 6. The minimum distance D5 is set at 5 nm, for example. A minimum distance D6 refers to a distance from the interface between the underside 4 ca of the barrier metal layer 4 c and the upper surface 4 ba of the metal wiring layer 4 b to an upper end 6 a of the void 6. The minimum distance D6 is set at 15 nm, for example.

The sectional area of the void 6 is schematically obtained as follows: the sectional area of the metal wiring layer 4 b is about 8000 [nm²] and the sectional area of the void 6 is about 9000 [nm²]. In this case, since the sectional area of the metal wiring layer 4 b is smaller than the sectional area of the void 6, an increase in the capacity particularly between the adjacent wirings 4 can be prevented. The wiring structure can be configured with no problem regarding the electric characteristics of the circuit particularly.

The manufacturing method of the embodiment includes the following steps. The barrier metal layer 12 is formed on the lower side insulating layer 11. The metal layer 13 is formed on the barrier metal layer 12. The barrier metal layer 14 is formed on the metal layer 13. The protective insulating layer 15 is formed on the barrier metal layer 14. The resist 16 is formed on the insulating layer 15 and patterned. Dry etching is carried out for the insulating layer 15, barrier metal layer 14, metal layer 13, barrier metal layer 12 and insulating layer 11 with the patterned resist 16 serving as a mask. Wet etching is carried out so that reaction product due to the etching is removed and the sidewall surface of the metal layer 13 is also removed. The insulating layer 5 is formed between the adjacent wirings 4 by the HDP-CVD process so that the void 6 is formed so as to be located upper than the interface between the metal layer 13 and the barrier metal layer 14.

The above-described manufacturing method can form the void 6 larger than in the conventional structure, and the capacity between the adjacent wirings 4 can be rendered smaller. Moreover, the variations in the capacity can be reduced.

Furthermore, in the step of forming the insulating layer 5, the burying step and the sputtering step are repeated alternately. In the burying step, the insulating layer 5 is buried in the region between the adjacent barrier metal layers 4 a and the adjacent barrier metal layers 4 c. In the sputtering step, a frontage of the buried region in which the insulating layer 5 has been buried in the burying step is spread by a sputtering step. Since the burying and sputtering steps are repeated alternately, a larger void 6 can readily be formed. In this case, since the film processing speed ratio of the burying step to the sputtering step is 10:1, a larger void 6 can be formed more readily. Since the gas flow rate is set as SiH₄/O₂=90/360 [sccm] in film formation, a larger void 6 can be formed more readily.

The foregoing description and drawings are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and are not to be construed in a limiting sense. Various changes and modifications will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. All such changes and modifications are seen to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 

1. A semiconductor device comprising: a plurality of wirings disposed in parallel to each other, each wiring including: a metal wiring layer including a first side surface, a first upper surface having a first width and a first bottom surface having a second width larger than the first width; a first barrier metal layer disposed on the metal wiring layer and including a second side surface, a second upper surface and a second bottom surface contacting with the first upper surface of the metal wiring layer, the second bottom surface including a third width larger than the first width of the first upper surface; and a second barrier metal layer disposed below the metal wiring layer and including a third side surface, a third upper surface contacting with the first bottom surface of the metal wiring layer, a third bottom surface, the third upper surface including a fourth width larger than the second width of the first bottom surface; a first insulating layer disposed below the second barrier metal layer and including a fourth upper surface contacting with the third bottom surface of the second barrier metal layer; and a second insulating layer covering the wirings so that a void is defined between the wirings, wherein the void has a larger sectional area than the metal wiring layer, the void includes an upper portion located between the second upper surface and the second bottom surface of the first barrier metal layer between the wirings, and the void includes a bottom portion located between the third upper surface and the third bottom surface of the second barrier metal layer between the wirings.
 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer includes a groove between the second barrier metal layers, and the second insulating layer is formed on the second upper surface and the second side surface of the first barrier metal layer, the first side surface of the metal wiring layer, the third side surface of the second barrier metal layer and in the groove.
 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer includes tetraethoxysilane (TEOS).
 4. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein each of the first and second barrier metal layers is made of titanium and titanium nitride. 